Table 5 Serum parameters of nile tilapia fed supplementary diet of phytobiotcs/probiotics under unchanged water for 90 days.

From: Growth, immunity, and antioxidant activity responses of phytobiotics and probiotics incorporated into Oreochromis niloticus diets under stressors of unchanged water

Items

Groups

PSE*

CG

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Creatinine, mg/dl

0.40b

0.52a

0.39b

0.46ab

0.03

Urea, mg/dl

9.15a

8.10a

7.61ab

6.78ab

0.47

Glucose, mg/d

82a

79b

70c

83a

2.40

ALT, U/l

10.10a

6.35c

6.38c

7.70b

0.50

AST, U/l

46.70a

32.55b

44.15a

47.35a

2.67

Total protein, g/dl

2.80b

2.74b

3.05b

3.01b

0.14

  1. a, b, c, d, e in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05, n = 3).
  2. *, Pooled standard error.
  3. CG: control was fed a non-supplemented basal diet; Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3: fed a basal diet fortified with (200 mg, 500 mg, and 200 mg; 400 mg, 1000 mg, and 400 mg; 600 mg, 1500 mg, and 600 mg of Garlic mix, Superimmune, and Gallipro 200) kg-1 diet respectively.
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