Table 1 Basic properties of quartz sand.

Dry density, \(\rho\)

1.63 \(\text{g/{cm}}^{3}\)

Pore ratio, \(e\)

0.63

Specific gravity, \({G}_{s}\)

2.65

Angle of repose, \({\varphi }_{r}\)

32.3\(^\circ\)

Angle of internal friction, \(\varphi\)

35.6\(^\circ\)