Table 1 Statistical results of friction angle φ in rocks at all levels (°).

From: Evolution mechanisms of mining-induced overlying strata structures: a case study in the Qinshui coalfield

Basic quality level of rock mass

Number of sample groups

14

38

48

76

16

minimum value

54.10

45.02

42.01

19.81

17.75

Maximum value

70.05

70.12

64.03

65.59

54.30

mean value

63.07

58.35

54.48

44.56

35.87

mean square error

5.07

6.00

5.67

11.24

10.01