Table 3 Selected minimum and maximum values of FOPID controller parameters during simulation.
Controller | Parameter | Minimum value | Maximum value |
|---|---|---|---|
LFC—Area 1 | \(\:{K}_{p}\) | 2.5 | 4.5 |
\(\:{K}_{i}\) | 2.0 | 3.5 | |
\(\:{K}_{d}\) | 1.5 | 3.5 | |
\(\:\lambda\:\) | 0.1 | 0.9 | |
\(\:\mu\:\) | 0.1 | 0.9 | |
LFC—Area 2 | \(\:{K}_{p}\) | 3.0 | 5.0 |
\(\:{K}_{i}\) | 2.0 | 4.5 | |
\(\:{K}_{d}\) | 1.5 | 3.5 | |
\(\:\lambda\:\) | 0.1 | 0.9 | |
\(\:\mu\:\) | 0.1 | 0.9 | |
AVR—Area 1 | \(\:{K}_{p}\) | 2.0 | 4.0 |
\(\:{K}_{i}\) | 1.0 | 3.0 | |
\(\:{K}_{d}\) | 0.5 | 2.0 | |
\(\:\lambda\:\) | 0.1 | 0.9 | |
\(\:\mu\:\) | 0.1 | 0.9 | |
AVR—Area 2 | \(\:{K}_{p}\) | 1.0 | 3.5 |
\(\:{K}_{i}\) | 1.0 | 3.0 | |
\(\:{K}_{d}\) | 0.5 | 2.5 | |
\(\:\lambda\:\) | 0.1 | 0,9 | |
\(\:\mu\:\) | 0.1 | 0.9 |
