Table 5 Change of characteristic parameters for different gradations.

From: Unified gradation index (Sm) for shear mechanics and particle breakage at calcareous sand-structure interfaces

Contact type

Loading conditions

Gradation characteristic parameters

d10

d30

d50

d60

Cu

Cc

Sm

Sand 1#-4C0 pile

Original gradation

2.30

2.90

3.50

3.80

1.65

0.96

3.66

100 kPa

1.03

2.49

3.21

3.57

3.46

1.69

3.46

Sand 2#-4C0 pile

Original gradation

0.49

1.22

2.00

2.60

5.26

1.16

3.21

100 kPa

0.22

0.68

1.56

2.08

9.26

1.00

3.03

Sand 3#-4C0 pile

Original gradation

0.22

0.37

0.52

0.78

3.61

0.81

2.76

100 kPa

0.15

0.32

0.44

0.50

3.32

1.36

2.66

Sand 4#-4C0 pile

Original gradation

0.17

0.31

0.40

0.45

2.70

1.26

2.66

100 kPa

0.13

0.28

0.37

0.41

3.04

1.42

2.54