Table 2 Associations between immune marker pathways and ozone (O3) exposures 12-months, 3-months and 1-month before blood draw.

From: Cross-sectional evaluation of exposure to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate mass levels on circulating immune markers in women in the California Teachers Study

Immune pathway

Exposure timed

Odds ratio (OR)

95% CI

Pro-inflammatory/macrophage activationa

12-month prior

1.49

1.26–1.75

3-month prior

1.57

1.34–1.85

1-month prior

1.54

1.33–1.80

B cell activationb

12-month prior

1.24

1.05–1.47

3-month prior

1.53

1.30–1.81

1-month prior

1.41

1.21–1.65

T cell activationc

12-month prior

1.02

0.85–1.21

3-month prior

1.19

1.00–1.42

1-month prior

1.17

1.00–1.38

  1. aPro-inflammatory/macrophage activation: elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, sIL-6Rα, IL-8, TNFα, sTNFR2, CCL2, sCD14, sCD163, and sgp130.
  2. bB-cell activation: : elevated levels of IL-10, sIL-6Rα, IL-6, sgp130, CD27, and BAFF.
  3. cT-cell activation: elevated levels of CCL17 and sCD25.
  4. dIQR values: 12-month = 0.0095, 3-month = 0.0169, 1-month = 0.0259.
  5. All models adjusted for age, BMI, and odds ratios are scaled by the IQR.
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