Table 4 Effects of two exposure factors, TCDD and non-TCDD (TEQ levels) exposure, on body size indices at birth in boys.

From: Altered head size at birth is associated with maternal 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in Vietnamese infants

 

Exposure levels

Exposure 1: TEQ-nonTCDD

Exposure 2: TCDD

Interaction: 1 vs. 2

N

Adj. Mean

95%CI

p

N

Adj. Mean

95%CI

p

p

Weight (g)

Lower

186

3328

3246

3410

ref.

229

3297

3240

3354

Ref

0.982

Higher

102

3255

3164

3346

0.254

59

3286

3180

3393

0.871

Length (cm)

Lower

186

50.1

49.8

50.5

ref.

229

49.9

49.7

50.3

Ref

0.303

Higher

102

49.8

49.4

50.2

0.264

59

50.0

49.5

50.5

0.938

BMI

Lower

186

13.2

12.9

13.5

ref.

229

13.2

13.0

13.4

Ref

0.358

Higher

102

13.1

12.8

13.4

0.567

59

13.1

12.8

13.5

0.899

Head (cm)

Lower

186

33.9

33.6

34.2

ref.

229

33.5

33.3

33.7

Ref

0.902

Higher

102

33.7

33.3

34.1

0.432

59

34.1

33.7

34.5

0.026

Abdomen (cm)

Lower

186

33.3

32.9

33.8

ref.

229

32.6

32.2

32.9

Ref

0.131

Higher

102

32.2

31.8

32.8

0.006*

59

33.1

32.5

33.7

0.164

  1. non-TCDD: PCDD/Fs congeners other than TCDD, Lower level: TEQ-non-TCDD < 9.2; higher level: TEQ-non-TCDD ≥ 9.2 (pg-TEQ/g lipid) Lower level: TCDD < 2.5; higher level: TCDD ≥ 2.5 (pg/g lipid), Interaction: 1 vs. 2: Interaction between exposure factor 1 and 2.
  2. N: number of subjects, SD: standard deviation, SE: standard error, Ref: Reference for comparison, p: p-value, *: p < 0.05 (Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparisons).
  3. Covariates: gestational weeks, parity (primipara or not), maternal drinking habit during pregnancy, family smoking, age, height, and educational years of mother ≥ 12, and family income.
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