Fig. 5
sLORETA and Granger causality results. (a-b) XYZ sLORETA slices of the average change in gamma waves in the anxiety group following intervention with VA music (a) and PI music (b); red voxels indicate regions with greater activation. Coordinates correspond to the most prominently activated locations. (c) Scatter plot showing the relationship between Central-to-DLPFC connectivity (GC values) and post-intervention STAI scores in the gamma band (ρ = –0.26, p = 0.029). (d) Bar plot illustrating multiple regression results, where Central-to-DLPFC connectivity in the gamma band significantly predicted post-intervention STAI scores after controlling for baseline STAI, group, and music condition (R2 ≈ 0.41). * p < 0.05. Abbreviations: PI, piano minor; VA, violin major; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
