Fig. 6

Practical quantification of chromatin openness by ATAC-qPCR a Schematic of the ATAC-qPCR workflow. Amplicons centered on ATAC-peak summits (gold) were designed for qPCR quantification of chromatin openness (sky blue). Forward and reverse primers span accessible regions. Normalized chromatin openness was quantified using the 2^–Ct method, normalized to the geometric mean of three control loci. Schematic created with BioRender.com. b Scatter plot showing correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient R²) between ATAC-peak area values and normalized chromatin openness for early (blue) and late (red) biomarkers. Linear regression (green) with 95% confidence interval (dashed lines) visualizes the correlation strength.