Fig. 8
From: An XGBoost-SHAP analysis of the driving factors of carbon emissions in China’s first-tier cities

Robustness test results for the direction of effects of carbon emission drivers across different city types.
From: An XGBoost-SHAP analysis of the driving factors of carbon emissions in China’s first-tier cities

Robustness test results for the direction of effects of carbon emission drivers across different city types.