Table 2 Variable definition and source.

From: An XGBoost-SHAP analysis of the driving factors of carbon emissions in China’s first-tier cities

Variables

Descriptions

Unit

Source

CE

Total carbon emissions

Million tons

Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research

PGDP

GDP per capita

CNY

China Urban Statistical Yearbook

POP

Population size

104 persons

China Urban Statistical Yearbook

D

Urban form

China Urban Statistical Yearbook

PT

Public transport

Vehicles per 104 persons

China Urban Statistical Yearbook

IS

Industrial structure

%

China Urban Statistical Yearbook

EI

Energy structure

tce/104CNY

Statistical Yearbook of China’s First-Tier Cities、China Energy Statistical Yearbook

TI

Technological innovation

Ten thousand pieces

China Urban Statistical Yearbook

DI

Level of new digital infrastructure

China Urban Statistical Yearbook