Table 3 Annual decline rates of FVC and FEV1 by LDL and HDL cholesterol groups.

From: Associations of LDL and HDL cholesterol with lung function decline and risk of airflow obstruction in a community-based cohort

LDL

LDLlow

LDLmedium

LDLhigh

Annual decline in FEV1 (mL/year) (95% CI)

-40.39*#

(-40.94, -39.84)

-37.32

(-38.56, -36.09)

-37.21*

(-39.00, -35.43)

Annual decline in FVC (mL/year) (95% CI)

-35.78*#

(-36.43, -35.13)

-32.03

(-33.50, -30.56)

-30.06*

(-32.18, -27.94)

HDL

HDLLow

 

HDLhigh

Annual decline in FEV1 (mL/year) (95% CI)

-37.84†

(-38.46, -37.22)

 

-41.34

(-42.44, -40.24)

Annual decline in FVC (mL/year) (95% CI)

-34.63

(-35.37, -33.89)

 

-34.33

(-35.63, -33.00)

  1. Models were adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, and smoking status.
  2. FEV₁, Forced Expiratory Volume in one second; FVC, Forced Vital Capacity; LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; CI, Confidence Interval.
  3. LDLlow, LDL ≤ 130 mg/dL; LDLmedium, LDL 130–160 mg/dL; LDLhigh, LDL > 160 mg/dL; HDLlow, HDL < 50 mg/dL; HDLhigh, HDL ≥ 50 mg/dL.
  4. *, p < 0.001 vs. LDLmedium; #, p < 0.001 vs. LDLhigh; †, p < 0.001 vs. HDLhigh,
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