Fig. 2

Shape variations (corresponding to mean ± 2.5 standard deviation [SD]) in the first three principal components of the knee osteoarthritis femur models: the first (a), the second (b), and the third (c). For each component, the front and bottom sides of the models are presented in order of + 2.5 SD, mean, and − 2.5 SD, from top to bottom. (d) Cumulative variance (line plot) and fraction of variance (bar plot) explained by principal components of the knee osteoarthritis femur models. (e) Distribution of principal component scores along the two main components (the first and second principal components).