Table 4 Paired t-test results of jumping and landing phase for right and left-leg.

From: Biomechanical improvements in performance and injury prevention in volleyball spikes: effects of a 4-week training program

 

Jumping (Right-leg)

Landing (Left-leg)

Pre

Post

t

p

Cohen’dz

95% CI

Pre

Post

t

p

Cohen’dz

95% CI

Max

(airborne phase)

1.48 ± 0.05

1.52 ± 0.03

−2.426

.031*

0.97

0.07

−0.15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Min

0.83 ± 0.05

0.75 ± 0.04

5.054

.000*

1.76

0.13

0.03

1.19 ± 0.16

1.00 ± 0.14

6.134

.000*

1.26

0.20

0.18

Flex

−80.37\(\pm\) 6.26

−78.77\(\pm\) 4.02

-.789

.444

0.30

−0.50

−2.70

−70.60\(\pm\) 9.92

−69.96\(\pm\) 12.32

-.132

.897

0.06

−1.82

0.54

Add(+)/Abd(-)

−19.50\(\pm\) 4.49

−16.29\(\pm\) 6.20

−1.662

.121

0.07

−33.45

27.03

8.85 \(\pm\) 3.67

8.77 \(\pm\) 4.78

.047

.963

0.02

−0.46

0.62

IR(+)/ER(-)

9.07 \(\pm\) 3.73

8.54 \(\pm\) 2.21

.539

.599

0.17

1.27

−0.21

−18.82\(\pm\) 24.51

−18.80\(\pm\) 13.01

-.003

.998

0.00

5.62

−5.66

Flex(-)/Ext(+)

672.20 \(\pm\) 101.66

758.61 \(\pm\) 88.13

−2.546

.025*

0.91

−79.78

−93.04

−675.28\(\pm\) 59.63

−778.25\(\pm\) 59.63

2.696

.025*

1.73

102.97

102.97

Add(+)/Abd(-)

−198.90\(\pm\) 80.78

−167.05\(\pm\) 44.61

−1.158

.268

0.49

−14.13

−49.57

139.20 \(\pm\) 35.75

154.16 \(\pm\) 70.30

.833

.420

0.27

−31.89

1.97

IR(+)/ER(-)

311.06 \(\pm\) 94.01

248.95 \(\pm\) 75.15

1.712

.111

0.73

71.35

52.87

−318.84\(\pm\) 98.13

−211.20\(\pm\) 66.84

1.331

.206

1.28

−92.31

−122.97

Vertical

9.42 \(\pm\) 2.17

11.89 \(\pm\) 3.46

−2.559

.024*

0.86

−3.10

−1.84

36.30 \(\pm\) 4.55

37.75 \(\pm\) 2.44

−3.985

.652

0.40

−0.42

−2.48

Flex(-)/Ext(+)

−1.57\(\pm\) 0.24

−1.85\(\pm\) 0.37

−2.318

.037*

0.90

0.22

0.34

2.40 \(\pm\) 0.21

1.83 \(\pm\) 0.42

−4.402

.001*

1.72

0.47

0.67

Add(+)/Abd(-)

0.34 \(\pm\) 0.08

0.27 \(\pm\) 0.10

1.748

.104

0.77

0.06

0.08

−0.56\(\pm\) 0.42

−0.67\(\pm\) 0.20

.833

.420

0.33

0.22

0.00

IR(+)/ER(-)

−0.11\(\pm\) 0.09

−0.10\(\pm\) 0.09

-.507

.621

0.11

−0.01

−0.01

0.67 \(\pm\) 0.26

0.50 \(\pm\) 0.41

1.331

.206

0.50

0.10

0.24

Anterior–posterior

9.94 \(\pm\) 1.50

12.54 \(\pm\) 1.75

−3.727

.003*

1.60

−2.72

−2.48

8.73 \(\pm\) 1.10

7.20 \(\pm\) 1.48

−2.938

.012*

1.17

1.34

1.72

Medial–lateral

−1.18\(\pm\) 0.50

−0.87\(\pm\) 0.70

−1.525

.151

0.51

−0.41

−0.21

−3.88\(\pm\) 1.58

−3.49\(\pm\) 1.73

-.582

.571

0.24

−0.46

−0.32

Vertical

−14.10\(\pm\) 3.01

−16.60\(\pm\) 3.01

2.477

.028*

0.83

2.50

2.50

−19.64\(\pm\) 2.43

−16.98\(\pm\) 1.37

3.040

.009*

1.35

−2.14

−3.18

  1. Flex: flexion, Ext: extension, Add: adduction, Abd: abduction, IR: internal rotation, ER: external rotation  *p<.05.