Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the modeling cohort and the external validation cohort.

Age

69.00 [63.00, 75.00]

74.00 [68.00, 81.00]

0.907¹⁾

 < 0.001

Sex

7.724²⁾

 < 0.001

No

88 (31.4)

81 (55.9)

Yes

192 (68.6)

64 (44.1)

Alcohol consumption

0.678²⁾

0.175

No

167 (59.6)

97 (66.9)

Yes

113 (40.4)

48 (33.1)

Smoking

2.327²⁾

0.033

No

166 (59.3)

102 (70.3)

Yes

114 (40.7)

43 (29.7)

Anxiety

0.249²⁾

0.016

No

219 (78.2)

97 (66.9)

Yes

61 (21.8)

48 (33.1)

Depression

0.111²⁾

0.54

No

261 (93.2)

132 (91.0)

Yes

19 (6.8)

13 (9.0)

Stroke type

2.008²⁾

0.037

No

108 (38.6)

72 (49.7)

Yes

172 (61.4)

73 (50.3)

History of stroke

0.055²⁾

0.001

No

227 (81.1)

96 (66.2)

Yes

53 (18.9)

49 (33.8)

NIHSS

6.00 [4.00, 10.00]

9.00 [5.00, 13.00]

0.704¹⁾

0.001

BMI

23.82 [22.12, 25.70]

20.03 [19.10, 21.48]

1.328¹⁾

 < 0.001

GLS

14.00 [10.00, 15.00]

13.00 [9.00, 15.00]

1.224¹⁾

0.058

ADL

60.00 [35.00, 80.00]

55.00 [10.00, 70.00]

− 0.568¹⁾

0.058

Bedridden duration

7.00 [5.00, 8.00]

7.00 [5.00, 9.00]

− 2.047¹⁾

0.992

Pulmonary infection

0.857²⁾

0.123

No

151 (53.9)

66 (45.5)

Yes

129 (46.1)

79 (54.5)

Dysphagia

0.405²⁾

0.016

No

248 (88.6)

115 (79.3)

Yes

32 (11.4)

30 (20.7)

Aphasia

0.136²⁾

0.003

No

254 (90.7)

116 (80.0)

Yes

26 (9.3)

29 (20.0)

Fracture

1.054²⁾

0.062

No

243 (86.8)

115 (79.3)

Yes

37 (13.2)

30 (20.7)

History of falls

0.763²⁾

0.927

No

238 (85.0)

122 (84.1)

Yes

42 (15.0)

23 (15.9)

Muscle weakness

0.55²⁾

0.315

No

172 (61.4)

81 (55.9)

Yes

108 (38.6)

64 (44.1)

Nasal cannula

0.915²⁾

 < 0.001

No

223 (79.6)

82 (56.6)

Yes

57 (20.4)

63 (43.4)

History of hypertension

0.004²⁾

0.176

No

92 (32.9)

58 (40.0)

Yes

188 (67.1)

87 (60.0)

History of diabetes

0.621²⁾

0.217

No

203 (72.5)

96 (66.2)

Yes

77 (27.5)

49 (33.8)

CAD

0.135²⁾

0.042

No

210 (75.0)

122 (84.1)

Yes

70 (25.0)

23 (15.9)

Calcium ion

2.18 [2.09, 2.28]

2.17 [2.05, 2.26]

− 0.002¹⁾

0.413

Urea

5.50 [4.30, 7.10]

5.30 [4.10, 6.50]

− 0.897¹⁾

0.158

Creatinine

68.80 [57.50, 88.20]

60.60 [50.20, 75.80]

− 0.361¹⁾

0.002

Uric acid

343.00 [265.02, 423.40]

287.00 [238.40, 344.00]

− 0.014¹⁾

 < 0.001

Albumin

41.55 [38.95, 44.90]

38.20 [30.40, 42.40]

0.419¹⁾

 < 0.001

Hemoglobin

136.00 [121.00, 150.00]

128.00 [113.00, 137.00]

0.426¹⁾

 < 0.001

CRP

3.23 [1.26, 9.77]

4.57 [1.48, 15.00]

− 1.099¹⁾

0.02

Total protein

65.45 [61.27, 70.20]

63.20 [59.10, 69.80]

1.026¹⁾

0.059

Triglyceride

1.38 [1.00, 2.01]

1.23 [1.00, 1.87]

− 0.649¹⁾

0.082