Table 2 Pooled correlation coefficient for all glycaemic indices.

From: A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of hidden hunger on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes

Micronutrient

Measuring indicator for T2D

No. of studies

Estimate of pooled correlation coefficient

   

Heterogeneity and coefficient of determination

  
   

r

95% CI.

p-value

r2

\(\tau ^{2}\)

I2

Q

All micronutrients

Hb1Ac

k = 66

− 0.1767

[− 0.2432; − 0.1101]

<0.0001

3.12%

0.0695

100.00%

16089.74 p-value =   0

All micronutrients

FBG

k = 36

− 0.1354

[− 0.2266; − 0.0441]

0.0036

1.83%

0.0701

98.00%

1584.43 p-value < 0.01

All micronutrients

PPBG

k = 11

− 0.2564

[− 0.3760; − 0.1367]

<0.0001

6.57%

0.0324

87.00%

79.9 p-value, 0.01

All micronutrients

HOMA IR

k = 12

− 0.2081

[− 0.4286; 0.0123]

0.0643

4.33%

0.1394

98.00%

719.16 p-value < 0.01

Vitamin D

Hb1Ac

k = 33

− 0.1975

[− 0.2701; − 0.1250]

0.0001

3.90%

0.0398

99.70%

10644.77 p-value =   0

Vitamin D

FBG

k = 13

− 0.092

[− 0.1743; − 0.0097]

0.0285

0.85%

0.0161

75.30%

48.61  p-value < 0.0001

Vitamin D

PPBG

k = 3

− 0.2416

[− 0.4410; − 0.0422]

0.0175

5.84%

0.0271

87.60%

16.19  p-value = 0.0003

Vitamin D

HOMA IR

k = 9

− 0.2181

[− 0.4962; 0.0599]

0.1242

4.76%

0.171

98.70%

636.66  p-value < 0.0001

Magnesium

Hb1Ac

k = 13

− 0.3526

[− 0.4745; − 0.2306]

< 0.0001

12.43%

0.0426

91.70%

143.97   p-value < 0.0001

Magnesium

FBG

k = 8

− 0.2162

[− 0.3428; − 0.0895]

0.0008

4.67%

0.0279

81.70%

43.81    p-value < 0.0001

Magnesium

PPBG

k = 7

− 0.2602

[− 0.4322; − 0.0882]

0.003

6.77%

0.0447

89.80%

59.00    p-value < 0.0001

Magnesium

HOMA IR

k = 2

− 0.3427

[− 0.5553; − 0.1301]

0.0016

11.74%

0

98.70%

16        p-value = 0.6932

Zinc

Hb1Ac

k = 7

− 0.2239

[− 0.3927; − 0.0552]

0.0093

5.01%

0.0412

83.80%

37.03 p-value < 0.0001

Zinc

FBG

k = 6

− 0.1013

[− 0.2493; 0.0466]

0.1795

1.03%

0.0244

74.80%

19.85 p-value = 0.0093

Iron

Hb1Ac

k = 3

0.3347

[− 0.0888; 0.7581]

0.1214

11.20%

0.137

98.60%

145.61 p-value < 0.0001

Iron

FBG

k = 3

0.2713

[− 0.0053; 0.5480]

0.05046

7.36%

0.0561

96.50%

56.34 p-value < 0.0001

Vitamin B12

Hb1Ac

k = 5

0.0139

[0.13;0.16]

0.8504

0%

0.0216

83.50%

24.21 p-value < 0.01

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