Table 20 Description of the four real-world engineering optimization problem.

From: Adaptive memory-based opposition and midpoint mutation in black winged kite algorithm for global optimization and engineering applications

Problems

Dimension (D)

Equality constraints (\(\mathscr {H}\))

Inequality constraints (\(\mathscr {Q}\))

Optimal cost

Multiple disk clutch brake design problem

5

0

7

0.23524246

Step-cone pulley problem

5

3

8

16.0698687

Welded beam design

4

0

5

1.67021773

Speed Reducer design

7

0

11

2994.42447

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