Fig. 4

Heatmap showing Spearman correlation coefficients between the normalized abundances of ARGs and MGEs in all hospital wastewater samples. The color gradient within the rectangular box indicates the strength of the Spearman correlation coefficient. Asterisks represent statistical significance correlations (* \(\:\rho\:\) ≥ 0.55, P < 0.05; ** \(\:\rho\:\) ≥ 0.68, P < 0.01).