Fig. 4
From: Effect of waveguide wall roughness on quantum signal transmission

Coupling between modes in a slab waveguide with sinusoidal walls. The maximum value of roughness is 10 nm and \(\:{\beta\:}_{0}-{\beta\:}_{1}\)=997,300. The variation of \(\:{\left|{C}_{0}\right|}^{2}\:and\:{\left|{C}_{1}\right|}^{2}\), derived by (a) the FEM. (b) Eqs. (7) and (12).