Table 11 Convergence results.

From: Evaluating China’s carbon neutrality capacity a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis within the SDGs framework

Variables

Nationwide

Eight geographic regions

Northern Coastal Region

Northeast Region

Eastern Coastal Region

Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

Southern Coastal Region

Northwest Region

Southwest Region

Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

Panel A: Absolute β-Convergence

β

-0.395***

-0.295*

-3.240***

-1.397*

-0.232*

-0.016*

-0.690**

-0.735 **

-1.135*

 

(0.097)

(0.251)

(1.054)

(0.682)

(0.183)

(0.051)

(0.329)

(0.390)

(0.788)

Fixed Effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

2

0.363

0.102

0.564

0.450

0.790

0.804

0.714

0.473

0.529

Convergence Rate (%)

7.179

4.994

11.521

12.489

2.981

0.227

16.731

7.872

394.839

Half-life Convergence Period

9.655

13.880

6.016

5.550

23.256

305.671

4.143

8.806

0.176

Panel B: Conditional β-Convergence

β

-0.407***

-0.431*

-4.456***

-3.917**

-1.107**

-1.992***

-2.500***

-1.451**

-2.057**

 

(0.063)

(0.042)

(1.183)

(1.548)

(0.505)

(0.064)

(0.659)

(0.640)

(0.811)

Contron Variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Fixed Effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

2

0.315

0.083

0.724

0.805

0.595

0.995

0.451

0.254

0.608

Convergence Rate (%)

7.465

8.055

70.580

22.753

10.647

15.656

17.897

12.807

15.963

Half-life Convergence Period

9.285

8.605

0.982

3.046

6.510

4.427

3.873

5.412

4.342

  1. Note: ***, **, and * denote significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively; numbers in parentheses indicate standard deviations.