Table 1 The selected parameters of the optimization methods.

From: A modified Dung Beetle optimizer for combined heat and power economic dispatch considering power losses, valve-point effects, and operating constraints

\({\varvec{A}}{\varvec{l}}{\varvec{g}}{\varvec{o}}{\varvec{r}}{\varvec{t}}{\varvec{i}}{\varvec{h}}{\varvec{m}}{\varvec{s}}\)

Parameters

SCSO

\({T}_{max}=300, Search Agent=30, Runs=25, rg=\left[\text{2,0}\right], R=\left[- 2rg, 2rg\right]\)

AVOA

\({T}_{max}=300, Search Agent=30, Runs=25, probability parameters w=2.5,\)

\(L1 \& L2=0.8 \& 0.2; P1,P2 \& P3=0.6, 0.4 \& 0.6\)

SCA

\({T}_{max}=300, Search Agent=30, Runs=25, constant a=2, t=2\)

HHO

\({T}_{max}=300, Search Agent=30, Runs=25, {E}_{0}=[-\text{1,1}], \beta =1.5\)

GWO

\({T}_{max}=300, Search Agent=30, Runs=25, a=[\text{2,0}]\)

LCA

\({T}_{max}=300, Search Agent=30, Runs=25, p=0.03, \beta =3, w=0.8\)

ZOA

\({T}_{max}=300, Search Agent=30, Runs=25, a R=0.01\)

WOA

\({T}_{max}=300, Search Agent=30, Runs=25,\)

DBO

\({T}_{max}=300, Search Agent=30, Runs=25,\)

MDBO

\({T}_{max}=300, Search Agent=30, Runs=25, a=4, z=0.1\)