Table 9 Comparative cost performance across various algorithms for the 7-units system considering VPLE.

From: A modified Dung Beetle optimizer for combined heat and power economic dispatch considering power losses, valve-point effects, and operating constraints

Algorithm

Best cost ($)

Algorithm

Best cost ($)

MDBO

10,091.92

LCA 75

10,112.03

DBO

10,142.8

MRFO76

10,092.33

ARO31

10,095

CFDBSDO77

10,091.92760

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