Table 1 Characteristics of enrolled patients in the derivation and validation cohorts.
Characteristics | Derivation Cohort (n = 201) | Validation Cohort (n = 268) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative Characteristics | |||
Age, years | 63.4 ± 7.6 | 63.7 ± 8.9 | 0.690 |
Female | 46 (22.9) | 66 (24.6) | 0.662 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.9 ± 3.3 | 25.5 ± 3.3 | 0.176 |
Smoking | 93 (46.3) | 107 (39.9) | 0.169 |
Left atrial diameter, mm | 52.5 ± 4.1 | 52.4 ± 4.3 | 0.676 |
LVEF, % | 57.6 ± 9.6 | 58.4 ± 8.9 | 0.342 |
Aortic regurgitation | 56 (27.9) | 66 (24.6) | 0.430 |
Mitral regurgitation | 123 (61.2) | 162 (60.4) | 0.870 |
NYHA class | 0.544 | ||
I~II | 174 (86.6) | 237 (88.4) | |
III~IV | 27 (13.4) | 31 (11.6) | |
History of disease | |||
Myocardial infarction | 43 (21.4) | 46 (17.2) | 0.248 |
Diabetes mellitus | 88 (43.8) | 110 (41.0) | 0.553 |
Hypertension | 127 (63.2) | 170 (63.4) | 0.956 |
Stroke | 27 (13.4) | 43 (16.0) | 0.432 |
Hyperlipidemia | 32 (15.9) | 50 (18.7) | 0.440 |
Anti-inflammatory medication | |||
Corticosteroids | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
POAF prophylaxis | |||
β-Blockers | 134 (66.7) | 165 (61.6) | 0.256 |
Amiodarone | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
Statin | 182 (90.5) | 237 (88.4) | 0.463 |
Other medications | |||
ACE inhibitors | 0 (0) | 3 (1.1) | 0.132 |
CCB | 22 (10.9) | 33 (12.3) | 0.649 |
ARB | 42 (20.9) | 53 (19.8) | 0.765 |
Digoxin | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.248 |
Aspirin | 99 (49.3) | 121 (45.1) | 0.378 |
Clopidogrel | 32 (15.9) | 54 (20.1) | 0.242 |
Laboratory parameters | |||
WBC, 109/L | 6.5 ± 2.1 | 6.9 ± 1.9 | 0.144 |
Neutrophils, 109/L | 4.2 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.7 | 0.338 |
HbA1c, % | 6.9 ± 1.3 | 6.7 ± 1.3 | 0.458 |
K+, mmol/L | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 0.465 |
CK-MBmass, ng/mL | 1.4(1.1–2.0) | 1.5(1.1–2.1) | 0.233 |
Creatinine, µmol/L | 81.1(72.2–92.9) | 79.3(69.3–91.8) | 0.258 |
Urine Acid, µmol/L | 317.1 (280.9–390.1) | 307.5 (251.3–377.1) | 0.718 |
Intraoperative Characteristics | |||
Bypass surgery | |||
Off-pump surgery | 198 (98.5) | 261 (97.4) | 1.000 |
On-pump surgery | 3 (1.5) | 7 (2.6) | 0.406 |
CABG vascular count | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 0.111 |
Duration of operation, hours | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 0.313 |
Amount of bleeding, mL | 600.0 (500.0–800.0) | 650.0 (550.0–750.0) | 0.211 |
Transfusion, mL | 240.0(100.0- 309.5) | 250.0 (122.8–300.0) | 0.469 |
Defibrillation use | 0 (0) | 2 (0.7) | 0.220 |
IABP use* | 9 (4.5) | 12 (4.5) | 1.000 |
Postoperative Characteristic | |||
POAF | 64 (31.8) | 94 (35.1) | 0.463 |
The drainage volume, mL | |||
Postoperative 6 h | 250.0 (115.0–450.0) | 240.0 (136.3–355.0) | 0.453 |
Total volume of 24 h post-op | 600.0 (350.0–850.0) | 555.0 (405.0–705.0) | 0.503 |
Total volume of 48 h post-op | 660.0 (510.0–835.0) | 612.0 (442.5–857.5) | 0.288 |
Anti-inflammatory medication | |||
Corticosteroids | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
POAF prophylaxis | |||
β-Blockers | 162 (80.6) | 209 (78.0) | 0.491 |
Statin | 162 (80.6) | 220 (82.1) | 0.681 |
Other medications | |||
Amiodarone# | 64 (31.8) | 94 (35.1) | 0.463 |
ACE inhibitors | 0 (0) | 3 (1.1) | 0.132 |
ARB | 15 (7.5) | 16 (6.0) | 0.520 |
Laboratory parameters | |||
WBC, 109/L | 12.2 ± 3.5 | 12.5 ± 3.9 | 0.530 |
Neutrophils, 109/L | 10.2 ± 3.1 | 10.4 ± 3.5 | 0.636 |
K+, mmol/L | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 0.676 |
CK-MBmass, ng/mL | 3.9(3.0–5.8) | 4.8(2.9–7.5) | 0.387 |
Creatinine, µmol/L | 68.6(60.4–80.9) | 69.5(57.0–88.0) | 0.583 |
Urine Acid, µmol/L | 211.9(170.8–267.8) | 214.3(158.6–266.3) | 0.954 |
