Fig. 2 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 2

From: Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist vs pressure support ventilation: short-term effects on shunt and dead space after cardiac surgery

Fig. 2

Expiratory CO₂ (kPa) time-aligned with airway gas flow over a single breath lasting 3 s. The upper two panels display the first and second derivatives of the CO₂ curve. Dashed line A marks the onset of expiration. Dashed line B indicates the transition from airway dead space exhalation to alveolar volume exhalation. Dashed line C indicates the point at which exhalation shifts from physiological dead space to gas originating from ventilated alveoli. The point labeled Xα represents the intersection of extrapolated straight lines approximating the mid-slope regions of Phase II (SII) and Phase III (SIII) of the capnogram.

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