Table 3 Correlations between exercise-induced changes in serum Irisin and clinical performance outcomes versus brain volumetric changes.

From: Exercise induces structural brain changes and elevates irisin levels and enhances functional performance in multiple sclerosis a pilot randomized study

  

Δ Irisin

Δ T25-FW

Δ 9-HPT

Δ PASAT-3

r

p

r

p

r

p

r

p

Δ WM

EG

0.300

0.370

0.509

0.110

-0.146

0.670

-0.129

0.707

CG

− 0.439

0.204

0.420

0.228

0.488

0.153

0.264

0.461

Δ GM

EG

− 0.155

0.650

0.027

0.937

0.273

0.417

− 0.367

0.267

CG

− 0.626

0.053

− 0.527

0.117

0.237

0.510

0.190

0.600

Δ Cerebellum

EG

− 0.055

0.873

− 0.182

0.592

0.337

0.311

− 0.639

0.034*

CG

0.280

0.434

0.867

0.001*

− 0.268

0.455

0.300

0.400

Δ Cerebellum WM

EG

− 0.292

0.384

0.419

0.200

0.237

0.483

− 0.069

0.840

CG

0.361

0.306

0.762

0.010*

− 0.098

0.788

− 0.259

0.471

Δ Cerebellum GM

EG

0.064

0.852

− 0.410

0.210

0.128

0.709

− 0.750

0.008*

CG

− 0.176

0.626

− 0.236

0.511

− 0.219

0.544

0.453

0.189

Δ Frontal Lobe

EG

0.055

0.873

− 0.091

0.790

0.055

0.873

− 0.612

0.046*

CG

0.462

0.179

0.200

0.580

− 0.073

0.841

− 0.037

0.920

Δ Temporal Lobe

EG

0.418

0.201

0.127

0.709

0.336

0.312

− 0.413

0.207

CG

− 0.067

0.854

0.127

0.726

− 0.043

0.907

− 0.343

0.333

Δ Parietal Lobe

EG

0.109

0.749

0.137

0.689

0.337

0.311

− 0.207

0.542

CG

− 0.027

0.940

0.274

0.444

− 0.049

0.894

0.006

0.987

Δ Occipital Lobe

EG

0.392

0.233

− 0.082

0.811

0.620

0.042*

− 0.235

0.488

CG

0.512

0.130

0.444

0.199

− 0.372

0.290

− 0.178

0.623

Δ Thalamus

EG

− 0.373

0.259

− 0.127

0.709

− 0.491

0.125

− 0.009

0.979

CG

− 0.444

0.199

0.212

0.556

0.517

0.126

− 0.080

0.827

Δ Hippocampus

EG

− 0.246

0.467

0.536

0.089

− 0.218

0.519

0.101

0.768

CG

− 0.391

0.263

0.159

0.662

0.391

0.263

− 0.422

0.225

Δ Caudate

EG

− 0.474

0.141

− 0.201

0.555

− 0.556

0.076

− 0.529

0.095

CG

0.055

0.879

0.018

0.960

− 0.099

0.787

0.458

0.183

Δ Putamen

EG

− 0.091

0.790

− 0.519

0.102

− 0.173

0.611

− 0.584

0.060

CG

0.638

0.051

0.382

0.276

− 0.614

0.059

0.416

0.232

Δ Pallidum

EG

0.206

0.544

− 0.224

0.507

− 0.126

0.712

− 0.878

0.001*

CG

0.449

0.193

0.423

0.223

− 0.302

0.397

0.316

0.374

Δ Amygdala

EG

− 0.305

0.361

− 0.251

0.457

0.032

0.926

0.018

0.957

CG

0.560

0.093

0.098

0.789

− 0.569

0.086

− 0.385

0.273

Δ Limbic Cortex

EG

0.445

0.170

− 0.418

0.201

0.191

0.574

− 0.248

0.463

CG

0.578

0.080

− 0.430

0.215

− 0.462

0.179

− 0.233

0.518

  1. EG, exercise group; CG, control group; T25− FW, timed 25-foot walk test; 9-HPT, 9-hole peg test; PASAT-3: paced auditory serial addition test with 3-s stimulus, WM, white matter; GM, gray matter; p: confidence interval; *: p < 0.05.
  2. Note: Statistical significance is indicated by bold type in the p-value column (p < 0.05).
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