Table 5 Multiple regression analysis of the independent variables that influence the perception gap.

	PSQ-18			SDM-Q-9/SDM-Q-Doc			Barthel Index
	Variable	β value	P value	Variable	β value	P value	Variable	β value	P value
All patients^a	Years of experience as a physician	0.605	0.003	Original Questionnaire_patient total score	0.188	0.031	SDM_patient total score	−0.187	0.010
				Original Questionnaire physician total score	−0.191	0.011	SF-36 subdomain_patient	−0.163	0.032
				Patient_age	−0.239	0.001	Outpatient consultation hours	0.156	0.048
				Years of experience as a physician	−0.880	0.005	Presence of caregivers	0.189	0.011
				Years of holding a neurologist qualification	0.579	0.003
Parkinson’s disease^b	Years of experience as a physician	0.200	0.026	Original Questionnaire_patient total score	0.247	0.003	PDQ-39_summary index	0.392	< 0.001
	Outpatient consultation hours	−0.180	0.044	Years of holding a neurologist qualification	−1.396	0.004	Hoehn and Yahr stage	0.223	0.011
				Years of experience in the treatment of the target disease	0.435	0.031
				Cumulative number of patients treated	0.707	0.001
				Outpatient consultation hours	–0.578	0.001
Multiple sclerosis^c	–	–	–	–	–	–	EDSS	0.513	0.004
Epilepsy^d	–	–	–	Patient_annual income	−0.441	0.024	N/A^e

^aPatient numbers: PSQ-18 (n = 177), SDM-Q-9/SDM-Q-Doc (n = 185), Barthel Index (n = 178).
^bPatient numbers: PSQ-18 (n = 121), SDM-Q-9/SDM-Q-Doc (n = 129), Barthel Index (n = 121).
^cPatient numbers: PSQ-18 (n = 38), SDM-Q-9/SDM-Q-Doc (n = 38), Barthel Index (n = 38).
^dPatient numbers: PSQ-18 (n = 18), SDM-Q-9/SDM-Q-Doc (n = 18), Barthel Index (n = 19).
^eFor patients with epilepsy, multiple regression analysis was omitted because all items were not significant based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; PDQ-39, Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39; PSQ-18, Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18; SDM-Q-9, 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire from the patient perspective; SDM-Q-Doc, Shared Decision Making Questionnaire from the physician perspective; SF-36, 36-item Short Form.

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