Table 4 Conditions of the designed tests in the simulation of the piercing process, corresponding to the experimental tests.

From: Parametric study of piercing force and surface quality in elastomer-assisted tube piercing

Number

Equivalent Empirical Test Number

Tube Thickness (mm)

Polyurethane Hardness (Shore-A)

With/Without Backup Punch

S01

T01

1

85

×

S02

T02

1

85

S03

T03

1

50

×

S04

T04

1

50

S05

T05

1.4

85

×

S06

T06

1.4

85

S07

T07

1.8

85

×

S08

T08

1.8

85