Table 2 Protective role of LSE against genotoxicity caused by prometryn herbicide.

Anomalies	Control	LSE-I	LSE-II	PMT	PMTLSE-I	PMTLSE-II
Mitotic index %	768 ± 27.2^a (7.68)	785 ± 28.3^a (7.85)	776 ± 27.9^a (7.76)	566 ± 15.9^d (5.66)	607 ± 17.4^c (6.07)	653 ± 19.7^b (6.53)
Micronucleus	0.30 ± 0.48^d	0.17 ± 0.35^d	0.20 ± 0.42^d	62.5 ± 4.16^a	54.7 ± 3.88^b	45.9 ± 3.63^c
Fragment	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	49.8 ± 3.65^a	40.4 ± 3.54^b	31.7 ± 2.96^c
Sticky chromosome	0.20 ± 0.42^d	0.10 ± 0.32^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	41.6 ± 3.56^a	33.8 ± 2.98^b	24.6 ± 2.38^c
Vagrant chromosome	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	34.0 ± 3.02^a	24.5 ± 2.40^b	16.8 ± 1.85^c
Bridge	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	26.2 ± 2.44^a	17.6 ± 1.87^b	10.4 ± 1.53^c
Unequal distribution of chromatin	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	23.4 ± 2.36^a	15.9 ± 1.83^b	8.80 ± 1.27^c
Vacuolated nucleus	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	18.0 ± 1.88^a	11.4 ± 1.56^b	7.50 ± 1.10^c
Reverse polarization	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^d	14.3 ± 1.75^a	9.60 ± 1.34^b	4.30 ± 0.86^c

Control: Tap water, LSE-I: 200 mg/L L. stoechas extract, LSE-II: 400 mg/L L. stoechas extract, PMT: 6000 mg/L prometryn, PMTLSE-I: 6000 mg/L prometryn + 200 mg/L L. stoechas extract, PMTLSE-II: 6000 mg/L prometryn + 400 mg/L L. stoechas extract. The values are displayed as the mean ± standard deviation. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (n = 10). Means within the same line followed by different letters (a–d) are significantly different at the p < 0.05 level. MN and chromosomal damage numbers were calculated by analyzing 1000 cells in each group and MI rate was calculated by analyzing 10,000 cells in each group.

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