Table 6 Selected studies on prediction of blast-induced outcomes (fragmentation or PPV).

From: Simultaneous prediction and optimisation of rock fragmentation and ground vibration using an ANN–RF ensemble in open-pit blasting

Author

Targets

Methods

Inputs

N

\(R^2\)

Zhou et al.50

PPV

BN; RF

DI, PF, ST, HD, MC

102

0.903

Zhou et al.46

Frag. (PSD/\(X_{80}\))

ANFIS–GA

B, S, ST, PF, MC, RMR

88

0.989

Fang et al.47

Frag. (\(X_{100}\))

FFA–BGAM

PF, MC, S, ST, B, H

136

0.980

Huang et al.48

Frag. (\(X_{80}\))

CSO (auto-tuning)

q, B, RMR, MC, ST, S

75

0.985

Amiri et al.49

PPV & AOp

ANN–kNN

DI, MC

75

–

Yang et al.51

PPV

ANFIS–GA; ANFIS–PSO

DI, MC

81

–

Chandrahas et al.52

Frag.; PPV

XGBoost (vs. k-NN, RF)

S/B, MC, TE, FP, JA

152

F: 0.913; P: 0.932

  1. Abbrev.: B-burden; S-spacing; ST-stemming; HD-hole depth; H-hole diameter; DI-distance (blast face–sensor); MC-max. charge/delay; PF-powder factor; RMR-rock mass rating; q-specific charge; S/B-spacing:burden; TE-total explosive; FP-firing pattern; JA-joint angle; AOp-air overpressure. Best \(R^2\) shown (testing set where available).
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