Fig. 2
Representative histological images showing extraction socket healing in all experimental groups at 14 and 28 days post-extraction. (X) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; (Y) Masson’s trichrome staining; (Z) Toluidine blue staining. Control groups (A, B); bisphosphonate-treated groups (C, D); resveratrol-treated groups (E, F); and bisphosphonate + resveratrol-treated groups (G, H) at 14 and 28 days, respectively. On day 14, control and resveratrol groups exhibited granulation tissue formation and early new bone trabeculae (NB), while bisphosphonate and bisphosphonate + resveratrol groups displayed irregular bone margins and necrotic areas characterized by empty lacunae (arrowheads). On day 28, mature bone trabeculae and well-organized connective tissue were evident in the control and resveratrol groups, whereas necrotic areas and disorganized tissue structure were observed in bisphosphonate-treated groups. Asterisks (*) indicate granulation tissue; NB: newly formed bone. Scale bar = 100 μm. 14d: Day 14; 28d: Day 28.
