Fig. 11
Comparison of infiltration rates in dry and wet sand experiments. (a) Average infiltration rates (mm/min) and standard deviations (σ) for six fiber segments (#1–#6), derived from the dry-sand experiment (blue symbols/lines) and the wet-sand experiment (red symbols/lines). (b) Infiltration rate ratios (IRR) comparing dry and wet conditions: blue symbols/lines show dry-to-wet ratios, while red symbols/lines show wet-to-dry ratios. Arrows denote the mean IRR values across all six fiber segments, indicating that infiltration in wet sand is approximately four times faster than in dry sand.
