Fig. 9
DAS-based quantification of water infiltration during the dry-sand experiment. a. Temporal variations in strain pulse widths for fiber segments #1–#6. The horizontal axis represents time (minutes), and the vertical axis shows the depth of the affected zone, expressed as pulse width (millimeters). These variations reflect the progressive influence of water percolation at different fiber positions. b-c. Calculated interval infiltration rates for the six fiber segments, derived from the pulse-width measurements in (a) Infiltration rates are plotted as functions of (b) depth and (c) time.
