Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Lean tissue mass is associated with adverse outcomes across different stages of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Fig. 5The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Graphical representation of the results of the systematic review. A graphical display demonstrating factors hypothesised to be important in explaining the association between LLTM and mortality in CKD, including how overhydration, although inter-related with LLTM, may explain mortality through different biological processes. Boxes highlighted with * is a primary outcome for the review and ** as a secondary outcome. AA – adjusted analysis; CKD – chronic kidney disease; CRP – C reactive protein; CVD – cardiovascular disease; DM – diabetes mellitus; HRQoL – health related quality of life measures, such as SF-36 / SF-12 and KDOQL; HTN – hypertension; IL-6 – interleukin-6; MMSE – mini mental state examination; PTH – parathyroidism; RKF – residual kidney function.

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