Table 2 Freshwater teleost species and their ecological and body size information detected by present environmental DNA metabarcoding analysis.

From: Estimated predator composition using environmental DNA analyses and color patterns of male guppies in introduced rivers

Family

Species

Feeding habit

Maximum total length (cm)5

# of detection sites6

# of detections7

Origin

Diurnal/nocturnal

Potential predators of guppies

Cichlidae

Oreochromis aureus

Omnivorous1

45.7

2

6

exotic

Diurnal

Oreochromis mossambicus

Omnivorous1

39.0

8

19

exotic

Diurnal

Oreochromis niloticus

Omnivorous1

23.0

6

20

exotic

Diurnal

Oreochromis sp. ‘red tilapia’

Omnivorous2

38.0§

5

14

exotic

Diurnal

Amatitlania nigrofasciata

Omnivorous1

10.0

1

1

exotic

Diurnal

Cichlidae total

8

22

 

Eleotridae

Eleotris acanthopoma

Carnivorous3

14.0

1

3

endemic

Nocturnal1,3

Eleotris fusca

Carnivorous3

26.0

1

3

endemic

Nocturnal1,3

Ophiocara porocephala

Carnivorous3

34.0

1

4

endemic

Nocturnal1,3

Eleotridae total

1

4

 

Gobiidae

Rhinogobius giurinus

Carnivorous1

12.1

2

5

endemic

Diurnal

Stenogobius sp TANEKAWA-HAZE

Carnivorous3

12.0†

2

1

endemic

Diurnal

Tridentiger kuroiwae

Carnivorous3

10.0‡

1

1

endemic

Diurnal

Gobiidae total

2

6

 

Mugilidae

Mugil cephalus

Omnivorous1

100.0

2

5

endemic

Diurnal

Planiliza macrolepis (Chelon macrolepis)

Omnivorous1

60.0

1

1

endemic

Diurnal

Mugilidae total

2

5

 

Cyprinidae

Carassius auratus

Omnivorous1

48.0

1

4

Endemic8

Diurnal

Cyprinus carpio

Omnivorous1

120.0

3

9

Endemic8

Diurnal

Cyprinidae total

3

9

 

Anguillidae

Anguilla marmorata

Carnivorous1

70.0

4

10

endemic

Nocturnal1,3

Poeciliidae

Xiphophorus hellerii

Omnivorous1

14.0

1

1

exotic

Diurnal

Synbranchidae

Monopterus albus

Carnivorous1

40.0

2

2

endemic

Nocturnal1,3

Species not considered as predators of guppies due to herbivory

Cichlidae

Coptodon zillii (Oreochromis sp CBM-ZF 11442)

Herbivorous1

40.0

3

8

exotic

Diurnal

Loricariidae

Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus

Herbivorous4

70.0

6

13

exotic

Diurnal

Species considered to be too small to prey on guppies (<10 cm)

Poieciliidae

Gambusia affinis

Omnivorous1

5.1

4

7

exotic

Diurnal

Gobiidae

Rhinogobius brunneus OKINAWA

Carnivorous3

5.8

8

16

endemic

Diurnal

Ambassidae

Parambassis ranga

Carnivorous1

9.5

1

2

exotic

Diurnal

Guppy

Poeciliidae

Poecilia reticulata

Omnivorous1

5.0

8

29

exotic

Diurnal

  1. 1FishBase18,40.
  2. 2It is considered omnivorous because it is usually raised on food containing more than 30% protein41 and is a hybrid of two Oreochromis species, although its feeding habits in the natural environment are unknown.
  3. 3WEB Fish Dictionary (in Japanese)42.
  4. 4The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fishes database43.
  5. 5FishBase18,40 except for values with §, † and ‡.
  6. 6# of detection sites among the eight sampling sites.
  7. 7# of detection among the 32 water samples.
  8. 8It includes feral strains originating from aquarium populations.
  9. §It was also referred from Mexican Fish.com44.
  10. †It was also obtained from the Manko Waterbird and Wetland Center Web site45.
  11. ‡It was also referred from The Freshwater Fishes of Japan (in Japanese)46.
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