Fig. 7

Effect of pier-to-abutment relative distance (\({d}_{ap}/B\)) on maximum scour depth for rectangular debris with different relative thicknesses (\({T}_{d}/h\) = 0.09, 0.19, 0.29, and 0.39) at \({d}_{ap}/B\)= 0.1 and 0.2; (a) bridge pier and (b) bridge abutment.