Table 2 Comparison of body composition variables (means ± SD) in deaf male basketball players and inactive deaf participants.there is a problem with X ± SD in the table header

Variables	\(\:\stackrel{-}{\varvec{X}}\pm\:\varvec{S}\varvec{D}\) (2019; n = 11)	\(\:\stackrel{-}{\varvec{X}}\pm\:\varvec{S}\varvec{D}\) (2020; n = 11)	\(\:\stackrel{-}{\varvec{X}}\pm\:\varvec{S}\varvec{D}\) (2021; n = 11)	p/χ²(df = 2)/W (2019–2021)	X ̅±SD (DS; n = 15)	p/Cohen’s d (2021 vs. DS)
BMI [kg/m2]	24.36 ± 1.46	24.70 ± 1.97	24.75 ± 2.06	0.85/0.33/0.02	22.94 ± 4.02	0.20/0.37
FAT% [%]	12.96 ± 2.95	14.22 ± 3.94	13.27 ± 4.15	0.53/1.27/0.06	17.12 ± 7.41	0.14/−0.62
FAT Mass [kg]	11.05 ± 3.3	12.52 ± 4.58	11.65 ± 4.75	0.61/0.98/0.04	13.51 ± 7.91	0.49/−0.27
FFM [kg]	73.17 ± 5.11	73.84 ± 4.75	74.19 ± 5.83	0.31/2.36/0.11	60.27 ± 7.06	< 0.01/2.12
Trunk Fat Mass [kg]	6.53 ± 2.26	7.61 ± 3.14	6.93 ± 3.15	0.53/1.27/0.06	7.60 ± 4.33	0.67/−0.17
RL-FFM [kg]	12.40 ± 0.96	12.53 ± 0.84	12.58 ± 1.00	0.06/5.57/0.25	11.06 ± 1.23	< 0.01/1.33
LL-FFM [kg]	12.42 ± 0.89	12.60 ± 0.78	12.64 ± 1.01	0.03/7.35/0.33	10.57 ± 1.27	< 0.01/1.77

n – number of participants; BMI – body mass index; FAT% [%] – whole-body fat percentage; FAT Mass – whole-body fat mass [kg]; FFM – whole-body muscle tissue [kg]; Trunk Fat Mass – fat mass in torso [kg]; RL-FFM/LL-FFM – muscle mass in right/left lower leg [kg]; DS – physically inactive Deaf students (control group); p – significance level (p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance); χ²(df = 2) – Friedman’s chi-square test statistic for repeated measures (nonparametric ANOVA equivalent; W (Kendall’s coefficient of concordance) – effect size measure indicating agreement among repeated measures (ranges from 0 to 1; higher values denote stronger effect); Cohen’s d – effect size for comparison between 2021 and DS; (0.20 = small, 0.50 = medium, 0.80 = large effect).

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