Table 6 Comparison of descriptive variables for running speed (mean ± SD) in the deaf male basketball group in 2019, 2020 and 2021 and deaf students (DS).

From: Longitudinal anthropometric and physical performance adaptations in the Polish Deaf National basketball team during a three-year preparation for the deaflympics

Variables

\(\:\stackrel{-}{\varvec{X}}\pm\:\varvec{S}\varvec{D}\)

(2019; n = 11)

\(\:\stackrel{-}{\varvec{X}}\pm\:\varvec{S}\varvec{D}\)

(2020; n = 11)

\(\:\stackrel{-}{\varvec{X}}\pm\:\varvec{S}\varvec{D}\)

(2021; n = 11)

p/χ²(df = 2)/W

(2019–2021)

X ̅±SD

(DS; n = 15)

p/Cohen’s d

(2021 vs. DS)

t(0–5 m) [s]

1.021 ± 0.049

1.046 ± 0.059

1.106 ± 0.061

< 0.01/20.18/0.92

1.342 ± 0.344

0.035/− 1.030

t(0–20 m) [s]

3.016 ± 0.105

3.071 ± 0.144

3.127 ± 0.122

< 0.01/14.59/0.66

3.902 ± 1.012

0.019/− 1.070

  1. n – number of athletes; DS – physically inactive Deaf students; t(0–5 m) – sprint time from start to 5 m [s]; t(0–20 m) – sprint time from start to 20 m [s]; DS – physically inactive Deaf students (control group); p – significance level (p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance); χ²(df = 2) – Friedman’s chi-square test statistic for repeated measures (nonparametric ANOVA equivalent; W (Kendall’s coefficient of concordance) – effect size measure indicating agreement among repeated measures (ranges from 0 to 1; higher values denote stronger effect); Cohen’s d – effect size for comparison between 2021 and DS; (0.20 = small, 0.50 = medium, 0.80 = large effect).
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