Table 10 Carcinogenic risk (CR) values for As, Cd and Pb for adults and children, compared against USEPA/WHO safety thresholds.

From: Human health implications of metal pollution in the Betwa-Yamuna river system, India: evidence from Monte Carlo risk modelling

Metal

Median

Mean

CR (Adult)

P95

Max

Median

Mean

CR (Child)

P95

Max

As

8.09 × 10–5

8.69 × 10–5

1.89 × 10–4

2.07 × 10–4

3.77 × 10–5

4.06 × 10–5

8.80 × 10–5

9.64 × 10–5

Cd

3.82 × 10–7

4.36 × 10–7

1.16 × 10–6

1.34 × 10–6

1.78 × 10–7

2.04 × 10–7

5.40 × 10–7

6.27 × 10–7

Pb

1.14 × 10–7

2.71 × 10–7

9.66 × 10–7

1.30 × 10–6

5.31 × 10–8

1.27 × 10–7

4.51 × 10–7

6.05 × 10–7

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