Table 2 Histopathological changes, grading and scoring*.

From: Efficacy and safety of LiWei capsule in chronic non-atrophic gastritis with erosions: a randomized controlled trial

Histopathological changes

Grading system

Score

Chronic inflammation

Normal or number of mononuclear cells less than 5/high power field

0

Mild: Some chronic inflammatory cells are localized in the superficial layer of the mucosa, but not more than 1/3 of the depth of the mucosa;

1

Moderate: A dense accumulation of chronic inflammatory cells, but not exceeding 2/3 of the depth of the mucosa

2

Severe: A dense accumulation of chronic inflammatory cells occupying the whole depth of the mucosa

3

Active chronic inflammation

Normal

0

Mild: Few neutrophils in the lamina propria of the mucosa

1

Moderate: More neutrophils in the mucosal layer and between superficial epithelial cells, pit epithelial cells and glandular epithelial cells.

2

Severe: A dense infiltration of neutrophils, or abscess on pits can be seen in addition to what is seen in moderate activity.

3

  1. * The scores were marked according to the biopsy site (gastric antrum, gastric body, gastric angle, and other), respectively. Two to five biopsy specimens reaching musculature in the mucosa with sufficient size were required. The specimens were taken from obvious erosive lesions and possible or certain lesions, not from normal positions, and from the same location before and after treatment as far as possible.
  2. Gastric antrum: taken from the large and small bends 2–3 cm away from the pylorus;
  3. Gastric body: taken from the large and small bends 8 cm from the cardia (about 4 cm from the proximal side of the gastric angle);
  4. Gastric angle: one piece of specimen was required.
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