Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by depressive symptoms.
From: The association of HIV status and depressive symptoms in the Ndlovu Cohort study
Total (n = 1,927) | Depressive symptoms (n = 239, 12.5%) | No depressive symptoms (n = 1,672, 87.5%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Female (n, %) | 1,056 (54.8) | 145 (60.7) | 897 (53.6) |
Age in years (median, IQR) | 38 (27.5–49.0) | 42 (32.0-50.5) | 38 (27.0–48.0) |
Age groups (n, %) | |||
18–24 | 339 (17.6) | 32 (13.4) | 302 (18.1) |
25–39 | 688 (35.7) | 71 (29.7) | 613 (36.7) |
40–49 | 457 (23.7) | 71 (29.7) | 384 (23.0) |
50+ | 443 (23.0) | 65 (27.2) | 373 (22.3) |
PLHIV (n, %) | 887 (46.0) | 128 (53.6) | 753 (45.0) |
ART regimen (n, %) | |||
HIV-negative | 1040 (54.0) | 111 (46.4) | 919 (55.0) |
ART naïve | 197 (10.2) | 37 (15.5) | 158 (9.4) |
First-line ART | 613 (31.8) | 79 (33.1) | 530 (31.7) |
Second-line ART | 77 (4.0) | 12 (5.0) | 65 (3.9) |
PHQ-9 score (median, IQR) | 3 (0.0–7.0) | 12 (10.0–15.0) | 2 (0.0–5.0) |
Severity depressive symptoms (n, %) | |||
None (< 10) | - | - | 1,672 (100.0) |
Moderate (10–14) | - | 173 (72.4) | - |
Moderately severe (15–19) | - | 47 (19.7) | - |
Severe (≥20) | - | 19 (7.9) | - |
Highest level of education (n, %) | |||
No education | 82 (4.3) | 16 (6.7) | 63 (3.8) |
Primary | 378 (19.6) | 58 (24.3) | 318 (19.0) |
Secondary & matric | 1,300 (67.5) | 148 (61.9) | 1144 (68.4) |
College & university | 167 (8.7) | 17 (7.1) | 147 (8.8) |
Employment status (n, %) | |||
Employed | 400 (20.8) | 42 (17.6) | 356 (21.3) |
Unemployed | 1,307 (67.8) | 179 (74.9) | 1115 (66.7) |
Other | 220 (11.4) | 18 (7.5) | 201 (12.0) |
Student | 152 | 8 | 143 |
Disabled | 12 | 3 | 9 |
Retired | 30 | 4 | 26 |
Volunteer | 26 | 3 | 23 |
Income per person per month in South African Rand (n, %)22 | |||
< 648 ZAR | 1,143 (62.7) | 162 (70.4) | 974 (61.7) |
648–992 ZAR | 144 (7.9) | 18 (7.8) | 124 (7.9) |
> 992 ZAR | 537 (29.4) | 50 (21.7) | 481 (30.5) |
Smoker, ever (n, %) | 786 (40.8) | 108 (45.2) | 676 (40.5) |
Smoker, current (n, %) | 538 (27.9) | 64 (26.8) | 474 (28.3) |
Alcohol use, ever (n, %) | 1358 (70.5) | 167 (69.9) | 1179 (70.5) |
Alcohol use, past 30 d (n, %) | 652 (33.8) | 76 (31.8) | 572 (34.2) |
