Fig. 2 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 2

From: Selective toxicity of a novel antimicrobial peptide Acidocin 4356 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in human cell-based in vitro infection models

Fig. 2

Effects of ACD on biofilm biomass and structure of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. (a) Crystal violet staining of biofilm biomass for both bacteria, (i) A. baumannii and (ii) P. aeruginosa, in response to different concentrations of ACD of 1/2MIC, MIC, and 2MIC. Three separate experiments were conducted, each with three replicates. (b) Three-dimensional Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) images demonstrating the effects of ACD on the biofilm structure and cell membrane integrity of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii at varying concentrations (1/2MIC, MIC, and 2MIC). The live cells are stained green, while dead cells are stained red. (i) Control images for both bacteria show an integrated biofilm structure with green-colored cells. (ii) Upon treatment with 1/2MIC concentration of ACD, red cells become visible in both bacterial species, indicating membrane damage and PI dye uptake. (iii) At MIC concentration, the number of red cells increases with a higher red cell population in P. aeruginosa compared to A. baumannii. (iv) The 2MIC concentration results in an almost entirely red biofilm for both bacterial species, indicating extensive membrane damage and a high level of PI dye uptake. For the CLSM analysis, two fields of view were examined for each condition.

Back to article page