Fig. 5

Comparative analysis of ACD toxicity on Calu-6 and THP-1 cell lines in monoculture and co-culture conditions using fluorescent microscopy. The figure presents microscopic fluorescent images of viability analysis of Calu-6 and THP-1 cell lines in monoculture and co-culture conditions, stained with FDA-PI dyes, after treatment with different concentrations of ACD. The green cells represent live cells, while the red cells indicate dead cells. The figure underscores the differential response of the cell lines to ACD concentrations and the protective effect of co-culture, especially for THP-1 cells which confirms the findings from the MTT assays.