Table 1 Baseline characteristics of SGLT2i and RAAS blockade users.
Variables | SGLT2i users (n = 1,405) | RAAS blockade users (n = 5,541) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, year, mean (SD) | 69.7 (9.8) | 71.4 (11.6) | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 804 (57.2) | 2,662 (48.0) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 28.0 (5.2) | 26.3 (4.8) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | |||
Type 2 diabetic mellitus, n (%) | 1,321 (94.0) | 2,422 (43.7) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1,373 (97.7) | 5,145 (92.9) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1,089 (77.5) | 192 (34.7) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 586 (41.7) | 86 (15.6) | < 0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 167 (11.9) | 389 (7.0) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 55 (3.9) | 10 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
Medications | |||
Metformin, n (%) | 1,015 (72.2) | 1,486 (26.8) | < 0.001 |
Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 733 (52.2) | 796 (14.4) | < 0.001 |
DPP4 inhibitors, n (%) | 723 (51.5) | 591 (10.7) | < 0.001 |
GLP-1 receptor agonist, n (%) | 255 (18.2) | 13 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
Insulin, n (%) | 410 (29.2) | 460 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
Diuretics, n (%) | 702 (49.7) | 1,495 (27) | < 0.001 |
Statin, n (%) | 1,270 (90.4) | 4,043 (73.0) | < 0.001 |
Anti-arrhythmic, n (%) | 214 (15.2) | 309 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory parameters | |||
eGFR at enrollment, ml/min/1.73m2, mean (SD) | 52.3 (11.3) | 51.2 (11.6) | 0.003 |
CKD staging at enrollment (eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2), n (%) | 0.937 | ||
Stage 2 CKD (60–89) | 70 (5.0) | 273 (4.9) | |
Stage 3a CKD (45–59) | 1,000 (71.2) | 3,971 (71.7) | |
Stage 3b CKD (30–44) | 285 (20.3) | 1,118 (20.2) | |
Stage 4 CKD (15–29) | 50 (3.6) | 179 (3.2) | |
Blood glucose, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 144.2 (51.3) | 115.7 (39.7) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c, %, mean (SD) | 7.7 (1.5) | 6.5 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
