Table 5 Comparison of clinical factors between the no major neurodevelopmental impairment group and the any major neurodevelopmental impairment group after neonatal seizures.

From: Risk factors and influence on neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonatal seizures in very low birth weight infants based on nationwide cohort

Clinical factors

No major NDI

(n = 203)

[number, (%)]

Any major NDI

(n = 45)

[number, (%)]

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

uOR

95% CI

aOR

95% CI

Maternal age

33 [30, 36]

33 [30, 36]

0.99

0.92–1.07

  

Maternal education ≥ college

120 (76.9%)

28 (90.3%)

0.36

0.10–1.24

  

Gestational age (weeks)

25+ 6 [24+ 3, 27+ 4]

26+ 4 [25+ 1, 28+ 1]

0.92

0.82–1.03

0.99

0.85–1.15

Birthweight (g)

830 [660, 995]

940 [700, 1110]

1.00

1.00–1.00

  

Male gender

124 (61.1%)

26 (57.8%)

0.87

0.45–1.68

0.96

0.46–1.99

Congenital anomaly

11 (5.4%)

2 (4.4%)

1.23

0.26–5.76

  

Multiple gestation

68 (33.5%)

24 (53.3%)

0.44*

0.23–0.85

0.41**

0.20–0.85

In-vitro fertilization

44 (21.7%)

17 (37.8%)

0.46*

0.23–0.91

  

Small for gestational age

4 (8.9%)

34 (16.7%)

2.06

0.69–6.14

  

Gestational diabetes mellitus

2 (4.4%)

9 (4.4%)

1.00

0.21–4.78

  

PIH

2 (4.4%)

21 (10.3%)

2.48

0.56–10.98

  

Histologic chorioamnionitis

23 (57.5%)

84 (47.2%)

0.66

0.33–1.32

  

Antenatal corticosteroid use

36 (85.7%)

160 (80.0%)

0.67

0.26–1.69

  

Delivery room resuscitation

197 (98.0%)

44 (97.8%)

1.12

0.12–10.26

  

Cesarean section

38 (84.4%)

149 (73.4%)

0.51

0.21–1.21

  

Oligohydrmanios

7 (17.5%)

30 (15.6%)

0.87

0.35–2.16

  

Inborn

43 (95.6%)

181 (89.2%)

0.38

0.09–1.69

  

Surfactant use

194 (95.6%)

42 (93.3%)

1.54

0.40–5.93

  

PDA requiring treatment

116 (57.4%)

18 (41.9%)

1.87

0.96–3.65

  

Sepsis

91 (44.8%)

10 (22.2%)

2.84*

1.34–6.05

1.97

0.87–4.51

NEC ≥ stage 2

48 (23.8%)

2 (4.4%)

6.70*

1.57–28.68

6.00**

1.32–27.33

IVH ≥ grade 3

111 (54.7%)

11 (24.4%)

3.73*

1.79–7.77

4.19**

1.91–9.20

Cystic PVL

55 (27.2%)

6 (13.3%)

2.43

0.98–6.06

  

Moderate to severe BPD

148 (74.0%)

26 (57.8%)

2.08*

1.06–4.07

2.03

0.93–4.42

ROP with treatment

98 (48.5%)

17 (37.8%)

1.55

0.80–3.01

  
  1. *P-value < 0.05 in univariable analysis.
  2. **P-value < 0.05 in multivariable analysis with backward elimination method adjusting for GA, male gender, multiple gestation, in-vitro fertilization, sepsis, NEC ≥ stage 2, IVH ≥ grade 3, and moderate to severe BPD.
  3. NDI, neurodevelopmental impairment; uOR, unadjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; aOR, adjusted odds ratio, PIH; pregnancy-induced hypertension, PDA; patent ductus arteriosus, NEC; necrotizing enterocolitis, IVH; intra-ventricular hemorrhage, PVL; periventricular leukomalacia, BPD; bronchopulmonary dysplasia, ROP; retinopathy of prematurity.
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