Table 1 Diet1 ingredient and nutrient composition.

From: Performance improvements and increased ruminal microbial interactions in Angus heifers via supplementation with native rumen bacteria during high-grain challenge

Item

Pre-challenge and washout

Grain challenge

Ingredient composition1, % of dry matter

–

–

 Dry-rolled corn

62.84

71.34

 Distiller’s grains3

15.05

15.00

 Processed hay

8.00

3.27

 Corn silage

6.99

3.29

 Micro-ingredient premix4

7.12

7.10

Nutrient composition, dry matter basis

–

–

 Crude protein, %

14.09

13.92

 Neutral detergent fiber, %

22.05

17.64

 Acid detergent fiber, %

9.94

7.07

 Ether extract, %

4.82

4.88

 Total digestible nutrients5, %

80.40

82.65

 Net energy for maintenance5, Mcal/kg

1.97

2.05

 Net energy for gain5, Mcal/kg

1.32

1.39

  1. 1Weighted average composition based upon batching records and composited analysis results for each portion of the cross-over design. All diets were formulated to contain 20 mg/kg of monensin and 2.48 mg/kg of diflubenzuron (as-fed basis). Water was included as a conditioning and mixing aid to decrease the total mixed ration dry matter content to 65% as-fed.
  2. 3Provided as modified distiller’s grains with solubles during the first pre-challenge dosing period (experiment days 0 through 14), then distiller’s dried grains with solubles reconstituted with water to match the moisture content of modified distiller’s grains with solubles throughout the remainder of the experiment.
  3. 4Micro-ingredient premix was formulated to meet or exceed NASEM (2016) requirements for vitamins and minerals and contained (dry matter basis) 51.81% dried distiller’s grains, 31.94% limestone, 5.86% white salt, 5.22% urea, 2.11% corn oil, 1.30% magnesium oxide, 0.67% vitamin E premix (56.7 KIU/kg as-included), 0.24% vitamin ADE micro-mix (4,536 KIU/kg vitamin A, 800 KIU/lb vitamin D, and 2.0 KIU/kg vitamin E, as-included), 0.21% Rumensin 90 (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN), 0.19% zinc sulfate, 0.18% Justifly 3% (Champion Animal Health, Boca Raton, FL), 0.16% selenium yeast (Sel-Plex 600; Alltech, Lexington, KY), 0.05% copper sulfate, 0.05% manganous oxide, and 0.01% Ethylenediamine dihydroiodide.
  4. 5Based upon summative equations as previously described by Weiss et al. (1992) and adjusted as described by Galyean et al. (2016).
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