Table 2 Univariate factors influencing QoL profiles in OA patients.

From: A longitudinal study of dietary inflammatory index and quality of life in people with osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database

 

Low physical-low mental QoL [Mean (SD) / n (%)]

Low physical-high mental QoL [Mean (SD) / n (%)]

High physical-high mental QoL [Mean (SD) / n (%)]

X2

p

Age

60.38 ± 9.25

63.72 ± 8.32

60.87 ± 8.56

 

< 0.001a

Gender

   

20.842

< 0.001

Male

47 (28.7%)

121 (39.8%)

314 (47.6%)

  

Female

117 (71.3%)

183 (60.2%)

345 (52.4%)

  

Employment

   

22.838

< 0.001

Works for pay

95 (57.9%)

156 (51.3%)

442 (67.1%)

  

Unpaid work for family business or no work

69 (42.1%)

148 (48.7%)

217 (32.9%)

  

Family income

    

< 0.001b

<$25k

47 (28.7%)

49 (16.1%)

53 (8.0%)

  

$25k~$50k

51 (31.1%)

92 (30.3%)

143 (21.7%)

  

$50k~$100k

47 (28.7%)

109 (35.9%)

275 (41.7%)

  

>$100k

19 (11.6%)

54 (17.8%)

188 (28.5%)

  

Charlson modified comorbidity score

0.62 ± 1.14

0.51 ± 0.87

0.27 ± 0.70

 

< 0.001a

BMI

    

< 0.001b

Normal weight

17 (10.4%)

30 (9.9%)

125 (19.0%)

  

Overweight

47 (28.7%)

108 (35.5%)

279 (42.3%)

  

Obesity

100 (61.0%)

166 (54.6%)

255 (38.7%)

  

PASE activity

159.95 ± 89.48

144.95 ± 73.14

162.81 ± 82.16

 

< 0.001a

KL grade

2.52 ± 0.65

2.80 ± 0.73

2.56 ± 0.70

 

< 0.001a

WOMAC physical functioning

22.29 ± 13.60

19.72 ± 12.04

10.56 ± 9.46

 

< 0.001a

WOMAC pain

6.62 ± 4.03

5.92 ± 3.85

3.70 ± 2.96

 

< 0.001a

WOMAC stiffness

3.27 ± 1.66

3.10 ± 1.61

2.19 ± 1.56

 

< 0.001a

Smoking habit

   

17.765

0.007

Never smoked

81 (49.4%)

162 (53.3%)

364 (55.2%)

  

Current smoker

20 (12.2%)

17 (5.6%)

26 (3.9%)

  

Former smoker

63 (38.4%)

125 (41.1%)

268 (40.7%)

  

Drinking habit

   

18.866

0.016

None

70 (42.7%)

109 (35.9%)

259 (39.3%)

  

< 1/week

20 (12.2%)

35 (11.5%)

99 (15.0%)

  

1–3 drinks/week

20 (12.2%)

43 (14.1%)

114 (17.3%)

  

4–7 drinks/week

11 (6.7%)

33 (10.9%)

68 (10.3%)

  

8 + drinks/week

43 (26.2%)

84 (27.6%)

119 (18.1%)

  

DII

-0.70 ± 1.70

-0.88 ± 1.70

-1.07 ± 1.69

 

0.020a

Education degree

   

47.671

< 0.001

Less than some college

41 (25.0%)

54 (17.8%)

68 (10.3%)

  

Some college

46 (28.0%)

87 (28.6%)

132 (20.0%)

  

College

29 (17.7%)

54 (17.8%)

174 (26.4%)

  

Some graduate school and above

48 (29.3%)

109 (35.9%)

285 (43.2%)

  
  1. Depiction: a Kruskal-Wallis test; b Fisher’s exact test.
  2. SD, standard deviation; QoL, quality of life; OA, osteoarthritis; WOMAC, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index; DII, dietary inflammatory index; PASE, the Physical Activity in the Elderly Scale; KL, Kellgren and Lawrence; BMI: body mass index.
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