Table 1 Optimized PI controller parameters tuned by SCHO, SSA, WOA and FA.
Method | \({k}_{p1}\) | \({k}_{i1}\) | \({k}_{p2}\) | \({k}_{i2}\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
SCHO-based PI (proposed) | − 0.4758 | − 0.0931 | − 2 | − 0.9339 |
SSA-based PI | − 0.7715 | − 0.0483 | − 1.0837 | − 0.8929 |
WOA-based PI | − 0.4563 | − 0.2254 | − 0.8967 | − 0.9865 |
FA-based PI | − 0.8811 | − 0.5765 | − 0.7626 | − 0.8307 |
