Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants stratified by quartile of CDAI.
Variable | Composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Q1 (≤ − 2.62) | Q2 (− 2.62 to − 0.79] | Q3 (− 0.79 to 1.64] | Q4 (> 1.64) | ||
N (%) | 6379 (100) | 1601 (25.10) | 1591 (24.94) | 1592 (24.96) | 1595 (25) | |
Age (years) | 60.72 ± 0.33 | 61.68 ± 0.60 | 62.07 ± 0.58 | 61.73 ± 0.62 | 58.01 ± 0.60 | < 0.0001 |
Gender, n (%) | 0.03 | |||||
Male | 3074 (43.43) | 715 (38.32) | 794 (45.09) | 804 (44.98) | 761 (44.73) | |
Female | 3305 (56.57) | 886 (61.68) | 797 (54.91) | 788 (55.02) | 834 (55.27) | |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Mexican American | 865 (6.18) | 217 (6.01) | 230 (6.54) | 224 (7.14) | 194 (5.21) | |
Non-hispanic white | 3300 (71.94) | 746 (67.80) | 835 (71.57) | 871 (73.38) | 848 (74.26) | |
Non-hispanic black | 1398 (12.21) | 430 (16.08) | 331 (12.10) | 304 (10.54) | 333 (10.70) | |
Other | 816 (9.67) | 208 (10.12) | 195 (9.79) | 193 (8.94) | 220 (9.83) | |
Education, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
College or above | 2803 (51.28) | 529 (38.78) | 675 (49.89) | 764 (54.95) | 835 (59.05) | |
High school or equivalent | 2592 (39.91) | 709 (48.05) | 649 (39.78) | 627 (37.22) | 607 (35.97) | |
Less than high school | 984 (8.80) | 363 (13.17) | 267 (10.32) | 201 (7.84) | 153 (4.98) | |
Marital status, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Married | 3498 (58.07) | 803 (50.87) | 881 (58.33) | 896 (59.64) | 918 (62.14) | |
Never married | 604 (10.11) | 160 (11.08) | 136 (9.02) | 135 (8.69) | 173 (11.45) | |
Divorced | 2277 (31.81) | 638 (38.05) | 574 (32.64) | 561 (31.66) | 504 (26.40) | |
BMI (kg/m2 | 30.07 ± 0.15 | 29.71 ± 0.23 | 29.85 ± 0.23 | 30.30 ± 0.28 | 30.34 ± 0.33 | 0.12 |
BMI (kg/m2, n (%) | 0.06 | |||||
Normal | 1595 (25.19) | 413 (26.03) | 393 (24.31) | 359 (22.52) | 430 (27.49) | |
Overweight | 2055 (30.61) | 523 (30.81) | 537 (32.68) | 544 (33.02) | 451 (26.71) | |
Obese | 2729 (44.21) | 665 (43.16) | 661 (43.00) | 689 (44.45) | 714 (45.79) | |
Ratio of family income to poverty, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
≤ 1.00 | 1325 (15.58) | 430 (20.79) | 341 (16.45) | 278 (12.88) | 276 (13.12) | |
1.01–3.00 | 3080 (43.33) | 809 (49.56) | 778 (45.61) | 770 (41.58) | 723 (38.13) | |
> 3.00 | 1974 (41.08) | 362 (29.65) | 472 (37.95) | 544 (45.54) | 596 (48.75) | |
Smoker, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Current | 1094 (17.48) | 332 (22.40) | 275 (18.20) | 237 (14.58) | 250 (15.53) | |
Past | 2159 (33.06) | 523 (30.55) | 552 (34.55) | 570 (35.25) | 514 (31.95) | |
Never | 3126 (49.45) | 746 (47.05) | 764 (47.25) | 785 (50.17) | 831 (52.53) | |
Drinker, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Mild | 2105 (36.02) | 424 (27.23) | 521 (34.74) | 597 (41.10) | 563 (39.61) | |
Moderate | 676 (12.81) | 150 (11.80) | 152 (11.81) | 180 (13.69) | 194 (13.65) | |
Heavy | 786 (12.93) | 197 (13.03) | 195 (12.51) | 182 (11.02) | 212 (14.81) | |
Past | 1711 (22.87) | 493 (28.16) | 457 (25.17) | 376 (20.69) | 385 (18.73) | |
Never | 1101 (15.37) | 337 (19.78) | 266 (15.76) | 257 (13.50) | 241 (13.20) | |
Physical activity, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Yes | 1857 (35.14) | 355 (26.46) | 436 (32.90) | 513 (38.53) | 553 (40.85) | |
No | 4522 (64.86) | 1246 (73.54) | 1155 (67.10) | 1079 (61.47) | 1042 (59.15) | |
Energy (kcal/day) | 1899.07 ± 15.81 | 1204.44 ± 19.51 | 1673.36 ± 22.15 | 2003.15 ± 20.04 | 2535.87 ± 37.40 | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 0.03 | |||||
Yes | 3981 (58.98) | 1031 (62.93) | 999 (60.32) | 982 (57.86) | 969 (55.76) | |
No | 2398 (41.02) | 570 (37.07) | 592 (39.68) | 610 (42.14) | 626 (44.24) | |
Diabetes, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
No | 3391 (58.25) | 839 (56.55) | 804 (52.56) | 862 (59.32) | 886 (63.32) | |
DM | 2463 (33.74) | 627 (35.46) | 658 (39.47) | 606 (33.43) | 572 (27.98) | |
IFG | 294 (4.51) | 72 (4.27) | 78 (4.77) | 69 (3.71) | 75 (5.16) | |
IGT | 231 (3.50) | 63 (3.72) | 51 (3.19) | 55 (3.54) | 62 (3.54) | |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 0.07 | |||||
Yes | 5161 (80.96) | 1308 (82.78) | 1308 (81.88) | 1282 (81.63) | 1263 (78.23) | |
No | 1218 (19.04) | 293 (17.22) | 283 (18.12) | 310 (18.37) | 332 (21.77) | |
Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 1046 (19.58) | 391 (22.08) | 390 (22.61) | 334 (19.23) | 291 (15.48) | |
No | 4973 (80.42) | 1210 (77.92) | 1201 (77.39) | 1258 (80.77) | 1304 (84.52) | |
