Table 11 Best CatBoost model parameter selections made by each optimizer.

From: Intrusion detection in metaverse environment internet of things systems by metaheuristics tuned two level framework

Approach

lr

cbl

Subsample

Iterations

Depth

mdl

CNN-CB-ISA-ChOA

9.96E-02

8.42E-01

5.00E-02

100

5

3

CNN-CB-ChOA

1.00E-01

3.09E-01

1.00E-00

100

5

2

CNN-CB-VNS

1.00E-01

5.00E-02

1.00E-00

100

5

2

CNN-CB-PSO

9.89E-02

2.33E-01

6.99E-01

97

5

4

CNN-CB-BA

1.00E-01

7.37E-01

1.00E-00

100

5

2

CNN-CB-ABC

9.91E-02

9.79E-01

5.64E-01

100

5

4

CNN-CB-WOA

9.89E-02

5.33E-01

6.50E-02

100

5

1

CNN-CB-RSA

1.00E-01

1.98E-01

1.00E-00

100

5

3

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