Table 15 Best LightGBM model parameter selections made by each optimizer.
Approach | rounds | max_depth | Leaves | mcw | ff | bf | msg | \(\lambda\) L1 | \(\lambda\) L2 | lr |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CNN-LGBM-ISA-ChOA | 296 | 9 | 42 | 5 | 8.62E-01 | 5.15E-01 | 1.00E-02 | 1.14E-01 | 5.52E-01 | 5.83E-01 |
CNN-LGBM-ChOA | 300 | 9 | 45 | 8 | 6.73E-01 | 8.39E-01 | 2.17E-02 | 4.88E-03 | 0.00E+00 | 3.77E-01 |
CNN-LGBM-VNS | 300 | 9 | 45 | 5 | 2.90E-01 | 8.45E-01 | 1.51E-02 | 0.00E-00 | 1.73E+00 | 5.78E-01 |
CNN-LGBM-PSO | 287 | 7 | 41 | 5 | 3.91E-01 | 9.48E-01 | 1.06E-03 | 0.00E-00 | 1.25E+00 | 9.00E-01 |
CNN-LGBM-BA | 263 | 7 | 45 | 9 | 9.00E-01 | 9.67E-01 | 1.00E-03 | 1.31E+00 | 1.12E+00 | 5.26E-01 |
CNN-LGBM-ABC | 212 | 10 | 33 | 5 | 6.59E-01 | 7.87E-01 | 1.00E-01 | 0.00E-00 | 3.52E-01 | 7.29E-01 |
CNN-LGBM-WOA | 300 | 9 | 28 | 7 | 9.00E-01 | 5.00E-01 | 2.94E-02 | 1.12E-02 | 1.53E+00 | 6.22E-01 |
CNN-LGBM-RSA | 277 | 8 | 45 | 11 | 6.13E-01 | 5.06E-01 | 1.14E-03 | 0.00E-00 | 1.99E-01 | 6.89E-01 |
